{"id":991059,"date":"2021-03-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-10T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/sendikal-haklarin-guvencesi-ve-sendikal-haklarin-engellenmesi-sucu\/"},"modified":"2021-03-11T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-03-10T21:00:00","slug":"sendikal-haklarin-guvencesi-ve-sendikal-haklarin-engellenmesi-sucu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/sendikal-haklarin-guvencesi-ve-sendikal-haklarin-engellenmesi-sucu\/","title":{"rendered":"SEND\u0130KAL HAKLARIN G\u00dcVENCES\u0130 VE SEND\u0130KAL HAKLARIN ENGELLENMES\u0130 SU\u00c7U"},"content":{"rendered":"
Sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc genel olarak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ve i\u015fverenlerin, \u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini serbest\u00e7e kurabilme, bireysel olarak serbest\u00e7e bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlere \u00fcye olabilme, t\u00fcz\u00fck ve i\u00e7 d\u00fczenlemelerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce yapabilme, temsilcilerini serbest\u00e7e se\u00e7ebilme, y\u00f6netim ve etkinlikleri ile i\u015f programlar\u0131n\u0131 serbest\u00e7e d\u00fczenleyebilme hakk\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Bireysel sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 boyutu oldu\u011fu ifade edilmektedir: <\/span>\u00dcyeler, i\u015fyeri sendika temsilcileri ve sendika y\u00f6neticileri.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131n\u0131n ilk boyutunu olu\u015fturan \u00fcyelerle ilgili korumalara, 6356 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 25. maddesinin l. f\u0131kras\u0131nda, \u201c<\/span>\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015fe al\u0131nmalar\u0131; belli bir sendikaya girmeleri veya girmemeleri, belli bir sendikadaki \u00fcyeli\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeleri veya \u00fcyelikten \u00e7ekilmeleri veya herhangi bir sendikaya \u00fcye olmalar\u0131 veya olmamalar\u0131 \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulamaz<\/span><\/i>.\u201d denilmek suretiyle yer verilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu maddenin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131nda, \u201c<\/span>\u0130\u015fveren, bir sendikaya \u00fcye olan i\u015f\u00e7ilerle sendika \u00fcyesi olmayan i\u015f\u00e7iler veya ayr\u0131 sendikalara \u00fcye olan i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131 veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya son verilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan herhangi bir ayr\u0131m yapamaz<\/span><\/i>.\u201d denilmi\u015f, 3. f\u0131krada ise \u201c<\/span>\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, sendikaya \u00fcye olmalar\u0131 veya olmamalar\u0131, i\u015f saatleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda veya i\u015fverenin izni ile i\u015f saatleri i\u00e7inde i\u015f\u00e7i kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetlerine kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 veya sendikal faaliyette bulunmalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamaz veya farkl\u0131 i\u015fleme tabi tutulamaz<\/span><\/i>.\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. 25. maddenin 4 ila 9. f\u0131kralar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sendikal nedenlerle feshedilmesi halinde i\u015f\u00e7inin sahip oldu\u011fu haklar ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span> \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin \u0130\u015fveren aleyhine i\u015fe iade davalar\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131 ve bu davan\u0131n \u0130\u015fveren aleyhine sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 durumunda;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Mahkemelerce feshin ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fi ile davac\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fe iadesine,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • 4 ayl\u0131k bo\u015fta ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre \u00fccreti ile di\u011fer haklar\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131ya \u00f6denmesine (<\/span>4 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcrenin i\u015f\u00e7inin k\u0131demine eklenmesi nedeniyle olu\u015facak fark k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 ile olu\u015fmas\u0131 halinde fark ihbar tazminat\u0131, fark y\u0131ll\u0131k izin \u00fccreti<\/span><\/i>),\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • 12 ayl\u0131k \u00fccret tutar\u0131ndan az olmamak \u00fczere Mahkemece belirlenecek sendikal tazminat\u0131n ise <\/span>i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 veya ba\u015flat\u0131lmamas\u0131 ko\u015fuluna ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n<\/b> davac\u0131ya \u00f6denmesine,<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Yarg\u0131lama gideri ile maktu vekalet \u00fccretinin davac\u0131 tarafa \u00f6denmesine karar verilecektir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131n\u0131n ikinci boyutunu i\u015fyeri sendika temsilcileriyle ilgili koruyucu h\u00fck\u00fcmler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda sendika i\u015fyeri temsilcilerinin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yeri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Zira sendikal haklar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin uygulanmas\u0131 ve denetimi, sendika \u00fcyesi i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sendika ve i\u015fveren ile ileti\u015fiminin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, \u015fikayet, disiplin ve uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u015flevlerinin yerine getirilmesi ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme faaliyetinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi i\u015fyeri d\u00fczeyinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecektir. \u0130\u015fverenle i\u015f ili\u015fkisi devam eden bu temsilcilerin i\u015flevlerini sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yerine getirebilmeleri, di\u011fer sendika \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re feshe ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde korunmalar\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son boyutunu sendika y\u00f6neticisiyle ilgili koruyucu h\u00fck\u00fcmler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bununla ilgili koruma mekanizmalar\u0131na 6356 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 23. maddesinde yer verilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu madde \u015fu \u015fekildedir: \u201c<\/span>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i kurulu\u015funda y\u00f6netici oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fyerinden ayr\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ask\u0131da kal\u0131r. Y\u00f6netici dilerse i\u015ften ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihte i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini bildirim s\u00fcresine uymaks\u0131z\u0131n veya s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresinin bitimini beklemeksizin fesheder ve k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na hak kazan\u0131r. Y\u00f6netici, y\u00f6neticilik s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshederse k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 fesih tarihindeki emsal \u00fccret \u00fczerinden hesaplan\u0131r. \u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ask\u0131ya al\u0131nan y\u00f6netici; sendikan\u0131n t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011finin sona ermesi, se\u00e7ime girmemek, yeniden se\u00e7ilmemek veya kendi iste\u011fi ile \u00e7ekilmek suretiyle g\u00f6revinin sona ermesi h\u00e2linde, sona erme tarihinden itibaren bir ay i\u00e7inde ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fyerinde i\u015fe ba\u015flat\u0131lmak \u00fczere i\u015fverene ba\u015fvurabilir. \u0130\u015fveren, talep tarihinden itibaren bir ay i\u00e7inde bu ki\u015fileri o andaki \u015fartlarla eski i\u015flerine veya eski i\u015flerine uygun bir di\u011fer i\u015fe ba\u015flatmak zorundad\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filer s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde i\u015fe ba\u015flat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri i\u015fverence feshedilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan nedenler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda y\u00f6neticilik g\u00f6revi sona eren sendika y\u00f6neticisine ise ba\u015fvurular\u0131 h\u00e2linde i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 \u00f6denir. \u00d6denecek tazminat\u0131n hesab\u0131nda, i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulur ve fesih an\u0131nda emsalleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan \u00fccret ve di\u011fer haklar\u0131 esas al\u0131n\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f kanunlar\u0131ndan do\u011fan haklar\u0131 sakl\u0131d\u0131r<\/span><\/i>\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bireysel ve kolektif sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bireysel sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de kendi i\u00e7inde olumlu ve olumsuz bireysel sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Olumlu bireysel sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u00f6rnek olarak, ki\u015filerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrce sendika kurmalar\u0131, kurulmu\u015f sendikalara \u00fcye olmalar\u0131 veya sendika faaliyetlerine kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebiliriz. Olumsuz bireysel sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u00f6rnek olarak, ki\u015filerin sendikaya \u00fcye olmama, \u00fcye olduklar\u0131 sendikadan ayr\u0131lma, sendika faaliyetlerine kat\u0131lmama haklar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilebilir. Kolektif sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ise, sendikan\u0131n, ki\u015filerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z t\u00fczel ki\u015fi niteli\u011fiyle kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma (serbest\u00e7e kurulabilme, t\u00fcz\u00fcklerini ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc serbest\u00e7e d\u00fczenleyebilme, \u00fcyelerin sendika disiplinine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda disiplin cezas\u0131 verebilme, mahkeme karar\u0131yla feshedilebilme gibi), sendikaya \u00fcye \u00e7ekme faaliyetinde bulunma (propaganda) ve kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc faaliyette bulunma olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6n\u00fc vard\u0131r. Kolektif sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, ki\u015filerin de\u011fil, sendikan\u0131n faaliyetleri korunmaktad\u0131r. Kolektif sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u00f6rnek olarak, sendikan\u0131n aidat toplamas\u0131, \u00fcye kaydetmesi, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, grev veya lokavt yapmas\u0131, faaliyetlerini serbest\u00e7e yapabilmesi, konfederasyon kurmas\u0131, konfederasyona \u00fcye olmas\u0131 veya \u00fcyelikten ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun <\/span>\u201cSendikal Haklar\u0131n Kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n Engellenmesi\u201d<\/span><\/i> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 118. maddesi; <\/span>\u201cBir kimseye kar\u015f\u0131 bir sendikaya \u00fcye olmaya veya olmamaya, sendikan\u0131n faaliyetlerine kat\u0131lmaya veya kat\u0131lmamaya, sendikadan veya sendika y\u00f6netimindeki g\u00f6revinden ayr\u0131lmaya zorlamak amac\u0131yla, cebir veya tehdit kullanan ki\u015fi, alt\u0131 aydan iki y\u0131la kadar hapis\u00a0cezas\u0131 ile\u00a0cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Cebir veya tehdit kullan\u0131larak ya da hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015fka bir davran\u0131\u015fla bir sendikan\u0131n faaliyetlerinin engellenmesi halinde, bir y\u0131ldan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar hapis\u00a0cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmolunur\u201d <\/i><\/b>\u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 \u201cCezan\u0131n \u015fahsili\u011fi\u201d prensibi gere\u011fi, bahse konu yasal d\u00fczenlemeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n tespiti halinde \u201csendika\u201d veya \u201c\u015firket\u201d t\u00fczel ki\u015filikleri yapt\u0131r\u0131ma tabi olmayacak, s\u00f6z konusu eylemi yerine getiren ki\u015fi, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u0130\u015fveren Vekili veya Sendika temsilcisi su\u00e7un \u015f\u00fcphelisi olacakt\u0131r. Yine s\u00f6z konusu su\u00e7 tehlike su\u00e7u olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011finden, su\u00e7un ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in sendikal hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi gerekmemekte, sendikal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn engellenmesi i\u00e7in cebir veya tehdidin kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 yeterli say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Avukat Ay\u00e7a Kortel<\/strong><\/div>\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc genel olarak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ve i\u015fverenlerin, \u00f6nceden izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini serbest\u00e7e kurabilme, bireysel olarak serbest\u00e7e bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlere \u00fcye olabilme, t\u00fcz\u00fck ve i\u00e7 d\u00fczenlemelerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce yapabilme, temsilcilerini serbest\u00e7e se\u00e7ebilme, y\u00f6netim ve etkinlikleri ile i\u015f programlar\u0131n\u0131 serbest\u00e7e d\u00fczenleyebilme hakk\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Bireysel sendika \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 boyutu oldu\u011fu ifade edilmektedir: \u00dcyeler, i\u015fyeri sendika temsilcileri ve sendika…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[334],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-991059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-insan-kaynaklari-ve-is-hukuku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/991059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=991059"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/991059\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=991059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=991059"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=991059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}