{"id":993723,"date":"2025-10-13T11:28:04","date_gmt":"2025-10-13T08:28:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/?p=993723"},"modified":"2025-12-24T11:29:24","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T08:29:24","slug":"isyeri-kapanmasinin-ise-iade-surecine-etkisi-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/isyeri-kapanmasinin-ise-iade-surecine-etkisi-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015eYER\u0130 KAPANMASININ \u0130\u015eE \u0130ADE S\u00dcREC\u0130NE ETK\u0130S\u0130 NED\u0130R?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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  1. \u0130\u015fe \u0130ade Davas\u0131n\u0131n Amac\u0131 ve Hukuki Dayana\u011f\u0131<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0130\u015fe iade davas\u0131n\u0131n temel dayana\u011f\u0131 olan i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi ilkesi, modern i\u015f hukukunun temel yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015fverenin y\u00f6netim yetkisi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin tek tarafl\u0131 olarak sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n belirli kurallara ba\u011flanmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu kapsamda, 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun madde 18\u2019de<\/span>\u201cOtuz veya daha fazla i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fyerlerinde en az alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k k\u0131demi olan i\u015f\u00e7inin belirsiz s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini fesheden i\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7inin yeterlili\u011finden veya davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan ya da i\u015fletmenin, i\u015fyerinin veya i\u015fin gereklerinden kaynaklanan ge\u00e7erli bir sebebe dayanmak zorundad\u0131r.\u201d<\/span><\/i> \u015feklinde<\/span> d\u00fczenlenen i\u015fe iade davas\u0131, i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi sisteminin merkezinde yer al\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Uygulamada ise, her fesih t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u015fe iade talebine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde imk\u00e2n tan\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle i\u015fyerinin tamamen kapanmas\u0131 veyahut faaliyetlerin durmas\u0131 durumunda, i\u015fe iadenin hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 hale gelmektedir. Zira i\u015fverenin faaliyetlerine son verdi\u011fi bir i\u015fyerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n yeniden i\u015fe ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131, hem fiilen hem de hukuken g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle i\u015fyerinin kapanmas\u0131, i\u015fe iade davalar\u0131n\u0131n en kritik tart\u0131\u015fma konular\u0131ndan biri olarak hem yarg\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda hem de arabuluculuk uygulamalar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nleriyle ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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    1. \u0130\u015fyerinin Kapanmas\u0131: Ge\u00e7erli Fesih Sebebi mi?<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      4857 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu madde 18\u2019e g\u00f6re i\u015fveren, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshederken ge\u00e7erli bir neden g\u00f6stermek zorundad\u0131r. Bu neden, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n ki\u015fisel performans\u0131na ya da davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na dayanabilece\u011fi gibi, i\u015fletmenin, i\u015fyerinin veya i\u015fin gereklerinden kaynaklanan nedenlere de dayanabilir. \u0130\u015fyerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman i\u015fyeri gereklerinden kaynaklanan ge\u00e7erli bir neden olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, i\u015fyerinin kapanmas\u0131 durumunda i\u015fverenin i\u015fe iade y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc fiilen ortadan kalkmaktad\u0131r. Zira \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n iade edilece\u011fi bir i\u015fyeri art\u0131k mevcut de\u011fildir. Ancak burada dikkat edilmesi gereken temel unsur, i\u015fyerinin ger\u00e7ekten kapat\u0131l\u0131p kapat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu kapatman\u0131n s\u00fcbjektif mi yoksa objektif nedenlere mi dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0130\u015fverenin, i\u015fe iade talebinden kurtulmak amac\u0131yla i\u015fyerini kapatm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6stermesi, Mahkemece d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilmektedir. Mahkemece i\u015fyerinin ger\u00e7ek anlamda kapat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fka bir adreste ya da unvan alt\u0131nda faaliyetin s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tespit edilirse, feshin ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fine ve i\u015fe iadeye karar verilebilmektedir. Bu nedenle i\u015fverenin, i\u015fyerinin kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin somut ve resmi belgelerle bu durumu ispat etmesi zorunludur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015fverenin savunmas\u0131 ancak \u015feffafl\u0131k ve ispat g\u00fcc\u00fc ile de\u011fer kazanmakta; aksi halde i\u015fe iade y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki taleplerin mahkemece kabul edilme ihtimali artmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda baz\u0131 durumlarda i\u015fyerinin kapanmas\u0131 veyahut faaliyetlerinin kal\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde durmas\u0131, fesih an\u0131nda de\u011fil, i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 devam ederken ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir. Bu durumda, mahkeme davay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihteki ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re ve davan\u0131n taraflar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hukuki yarar\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak de\u011ferlendirir; yani fesih tarihinde i\u015fyerinin faal olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile davan\u0131n taraflar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hukuki yarar\u0131n tam anlam\u0131yla ortadan kalk\u0131p kalkmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulurken esas al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Ancak yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinde i\u015fyerinin tamamen kapanmas\u0131 ya da faaliyetlerin kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak durmas\u0131 halinde, i\u015fe iade karar\u0131n\u0131n fiilen uygulanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 ortadan kalkar. B\u00f6yle durumlarda Mahkemece, i\u015fe iade karar\u0131 verse bile i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 art\u0131k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan, genellikle karar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan h\u00fckmedilmi\u015f olan tazminatlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalacakt\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay uygulamas\u0131nda da, dava s\u00fcrecinde i\u015fyerinin kapanmas\u0131 veyahut faaliyetlerini devaml\u0131 olarak durdurmas\u0131 halinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fe ba\u015flat\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, ancak i\u015fe ba\u015flatmama tazminat\u0131 ve di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7ilik haklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesi gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde istikrar kazanm\u0131\u015f bir yakla\u015f\u0131m bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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      1. Arabuluculuk S\u00fcrecinde \u0130\u015fyerinin Kapanmas\u0131n\u0131n De\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        7036 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Mahkemeleri Kanunu ile i\u015fe iade talepleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan arabuluculuk s\u00fcreci, dava \u015fart\u0131 haline getirilmi\u015ftir. Ancak i\u015fyerinin tamamen kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131 veyahut faaliyetini durdurdu\u011fu durumlarda, arabuluculuk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri daha \u00e7ok i\u015f akdinin feshinden kaynakl\u0131 alacaklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde rakamsal anlamda anla\u015fmaya varma haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir. \u0130\u015fe iadenin fiilen m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131, i\u015fe ba\u015flatma talebinin art\u0131k somut bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu gibi durumlarda i\u015fe iade istemi, daha \u00e7ok tazminat ve di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine y\u00f6nelik bir s\u00fcrece d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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        1. Sonu\u00e7<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0130\u015fyerinin kapanmas\u0131, i\u015fe iade s\u00fcrecine hem hukuki hem de fiili a\u00e7\u0131dan do\u011frudan etki eden bir durumdur. Ger\u00e7ek anlamda kapanan bir i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n yeniden istihdam\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, i\u015fe iade karar\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi de fiilen anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmektedir. Ancak i\u015fverenin bu durumu k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanarak, ger\u00e7ekte faaliyetlerine devam etti\u011fi h\u00e2lde kapanma iddias\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle bir muvazaal\u0131 kapanma, yarg\u0131lamada incelenecek bir husustur. Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, kapatma iddias\u0131n\u0131n samimi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya faaliyetlerin ba\u015fka bir ad alt\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tespit edilirse, feshin ge\u00e7ersizli\u011fi ve i\u015fe iadeye karar verilebilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          \u00d6te yandan, baz\u0131 durumlarda i\u015fyerinin kapanmas\u0131 fesih an\u0131nda de\u011fil, i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 devam ederken ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. Bu durumda mahkeme, fesih tarihindeki ko\u015fullar\u0131 esas almakla birlikte, dava s\u00fcrecinde faaliyetin tamamen sona ermesi h\u00e2linde i\u015fe iade karar\u0131n\u0131n fiilen uygulanabilirli\u011fi ortadan kalkmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle durumlarda karar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, genellikle i\u015fe ba\u015flatmama tazminat\u0131 ve di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7ilik alacaklar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Sonu\u00e7 olarak, i\u015fyerinin kapanmas\u0131 i\u015fe iade talebini hukuken s\u0131n\u0131rlasa da, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaz. Hem arabuluculuk hem de yarg\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, i\u015fverenin kapatma karar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde al\u0131p almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 denetleyerek, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n olas\u0131 ma\u011fduriyetinin tazmin edilmesine imk\u00e2n sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Avukat Zeliha Nur Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m<\/p><\/div>\n

          <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u0130\u015fe \u0130ade Davas\u0131n\u0131n Amac\u0131 ve Hukuki Dayana\u011f\u0131 \u0130\u015fe iade davas\u0131n\u0131n temel dayana\u011f\u0131 olan i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi ilkesi, modern i\u015f hukukunun temel yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015fverenin y\u00f6netim yetkisi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin tek tarafl\u0131 olarak sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n belirli kurallara ba\u011flanmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu kapsamda, 4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun madde…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[418],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-993723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilgi-kaynaklari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/993723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=993723"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/993723\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":993724,"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/993723\/revisions\/993724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=993723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=993723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cukurpartners.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=993723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}